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Longevity-seekers, especially the ultra-rich and celebrities like Hailey Bieber and Jennifer Aniston, have been “fascinated” by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide’s perceived benefits. NAD+ IV infusions, the most popular way to receive the supplement, has a price tag upwards of $1,000. Still, experts say there isn’t enough research to support the method’s effectiveness. “We just don’t know if there’s any benefit to it,” Neil Paulvin, New York-based longevity and regenerative medicine doctor, tells CNBC Make It. “[NAD+] helps the mitochondria produce energy in the body. We know that some [infusions] may increase the NAD in the bloodstream, but not in the cell as much.” NAD+ can increase production of enzymes that may ‘prolong life’ Sirtuins is a group of enzymes that depend on NAD+ for production, and those enzymes can help to “prolong life,” researchers say. “[SIRTs] play a variety of important roles in cellular biology such as inflammation, metabolism, oxidative stress, and apoptosis,” according to a paper published in Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, a multidisciplinary journal. Dr. Shin-ichiro Imai, a professor at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, has studied the effects of increasing NAD+ levels, which increases the production of sirtuins, on aging for more than 20 years. In 2016, Imai discovered that boosting molecules that increase NAD+ in the body led to effects similar to anti-aging in mice. Several companies sell NAD+ precursors, building blocks that create the molecule, for humans. Researchers have discovered a small improvement in symptoms for patients with Parkinson’s disease who took large doses of NAD+ precursors.